_Turtles All the Way Down
Stephen Hawking in A Brief History Of Time starts with
the anecdote.
A well-known scientist (some say it was Bertrand Russell) once gave a
public lecture on astronomy. He described how the earth orbits around the
sun and how the sun, in turn, orbits around the centre of a vast collection
of stars called our galaxy.
At the end of the lecture, a little old lady at
the back of the room got up and said: "What you have told us is rubbish.
The world is really a flat plate supported on the back of a giant
tortoise."
The scientist gave a superior smile before replying,
"What is
the tortoise standing on?"
"You're very clever, young man, very clever,"
said the old lady. "But it's turtles all the way down."



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Well, it isn't turtles all the way down.
In a phrase, "A people acquire and retain well being in proportion to the knowledge they possess – and the use to which they put it."